Micro-Hydro Power-Harnessing the Potential Energy of Water for Small-Scale Electricity Generation

Abstract

This paper focuses on analysing and designing a micro-hydro turbine system to generate direct current (DC) electricity from low-head water sources. Recognising the need for sustainable energy solutions, the system utilises stored water in an overhead tank at 11.25 meters. The PE of the water is converted into KE as it flows through a nozzle, striking the blades of a Pelton wheel turbine. The rotating turbine drives a DC generator, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, subsequently stored in batteries for domestic use. The system's design includes key components such as a water storage tank, penstock, turbine, generator, and battery storage. Calculations indicate that the system can produce a maximum power output of approximately 0.047 kW under optimal conditions. The methodology emphasises the importance of head height and water discharge in determining energy output, with experiments demonstrating a strong correlation between these variables and generated power. Overall, this micro-hydro system presents an effective solution for reducing electricity bills while harnessing renewable energy, aligning with global efforts to promote sustainable practices.