IoT-Enabled Smart Greenhouse: Real-Time Monitoring and Automated Control for Efficient Agriculture

Abstract

The growing need for efficient resource management in agriculture, particularly in water and energy conservation, has led to the emergence of smart technologies. This research focuses on designing and implementing an IoT-enabled smart greenhouse system aimed at optimizing environmental conditions for plant growth through real-time monitoring and automated control. The system integrates various sensors, including temperature, humidity, and SM sensors, with a central ESP32 microcontroller to collect and analyze data. Actuators such as fans, water pumps, and lights automatically adjust the greenhouse conditions based on sensor feedback. This reduces the need for manual intervention, making the system more efficient and less labour-intensive. The proposed system has wireless sensor networks (WSN) and cloud computing capabilities, allowing farmers to remotely monitor and control the greenhouse environment using a mobile app interface. The real-time data collected by the sensors is stored and processed in the cloud, enabling detailed data analysis and the identification of environmental trends. The smart irrigation system ensures optimal water usage, contributing to the conservation of this critical resource. Experimental results indicate significant improvements in resource management, with notable reductions in water consumption and energy usage. The system is scalable and can be customized for different crops and climatic conditions, offering a versatile solution for modern agriculture. By leveraging IoT technologies, this smart greenhouse system enhances crop yield while reducing resource waste, making it a sustainable option for small- and large-scale agricultural operations.