Thermodynamic and Molecular Interaction Studies of Binary Liquid Mixture of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and Toluene

Abstract

This research paper presents a comprehensive thermodynamic, acoustic, and transport property investigation of the binary liquid mixture of N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and toluene at 308.15 K. Experimental density, viscosity, and derived excess molar volume data were analyzed to understand molecular interactions between polar aprotic DMF and nonpolar aromatic hydrocarbon toluene. Negative excess molar volume values indicate volume contraction due to dipole–induced dipole interactions and partial structural rearrangement. Positive viscosity deviations suggest weak associative behavior and enhanced intermolecular attraction. The Redlich–Kister equation was applied for correlation analysis. The results provide insight into molecular-level interaction mechanisms useful for industrial solvent selection and thermodynamic modeling.